Disease Transmission from Domestic Sheep to Bighorn Sheep

Bibliographies

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Note: This page contains citation entries for all information sources cited as embedded citations in website text. It also contains additional entries listed on bibliography pages. Not all bibliography information sources were used to inform the website text. However, each webpage features its own references corresponding to its particular content.

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Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2012. Bighorn Sheep Hunting. http://www. azgfd.gov/w_c/bhsheep/hunting.shtml (accessed January 1, 2012).

Arthur, Steven M., Ian Hatter, Alasdair Veitch, John Nagy, Jean Carey, Jon T. Jorgenson, Raymond Lee, John Ellenberger, John Beecham, John J. McCarthy, Gary Schlichtemeier, Larry T. Gilbertson, Bill Dunn, Don Whittaker, Ted A. Benzon, Jim Karpowitz, George Tsukamato, Kevin Hurley, Steven G. Torres, Craig Mortimore, Mike Oehler, Patrick Cummings, Craig Stevenson, Eric Rominger, and Doug Humphreys. 1999. Appendix A: Wild sheep status questionnaires. In proceedings of 2nd North American Wild Sheep Conference, Reno, NV. April 6-9.

Associated Press, The. 2010. Critic of NV wildlife agency named to policy board. Las Vegas Sun. August 12. http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2010/aug/12/critic-of-nv-wildlife-agency-named-to-policy-board/ (accessed August 12, 2010).

Aune, Keith, Neil Anderson, David Worley, Larry Stackhouse, James Henderson, and Jen’E Daniel. 1998. A comparison of population and health histories among seven Montana bighorn sheep populations. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 11th Biennial Symposium, Whitefish, MT. April 16-20.

Blaney, Betsy. 2011. Lamb Prices at Record High Due to High Demand, Low Supply. Huff Post Business. April 22. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/22/lamb-prices-hit-record-high_n_852735.html (accessed May 26, 2012).

Barker, Eric. 2009. Fish and Game approves plans that include kill permits. Wild Sheep Foundation. http://www.wildsheepfoundation.org/Page.php/News/97/1249102800-1251691200 (accessed January 7, 2012).

Barker, Rocky. 2009. Was bighorn research suppressed? – The U of I investigates its Caldwell veterinary center amid allegations of conflict of interest. Idaho Statesman. June 10.

Barker, Rocky. 2010. Payette supervisor decides to end sheep grazing in bighorn country. Idaho Statesman. July 28. http://voices.idahostatesman.com/2010/07/28/rockybarker/
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Barker, Rocky. 2011. Battle for bighorns: Conservationists are struggling to protect bighorn sheep on public lands from disease-carrying livestock. National Wildlife, July. http://www.nwf. org/News-and-Magazines/NationalWildlife/Animals/Archives/2011/ Battle-for-Bighorns .aspx (accessed January 7, 2012).

Barker, Rocky. 2011. Payette sheep decision delay drops to one year in final spending bill. Idaho Statesman. December 16. http://voices.idahostatesman.com/2011/12/16/rocky barker/payette_sheep_decision_delay_drops_one_year_final_spending_bill (accessed January 9, 2012).

Besser, Thomas E., E. Frances Cassirer, Margaret A. Highland, Peregrine Wolffd, Anne Justice-Allen, Kristin Mansfield, Margaret A. Davis, and William Foreyt. Bighorn sheep pneumonia: Sorting out the cause of a polymicrobial disease. 2013. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 108, no. 2-3 (February): 85-93.

Besser, Thomas E., E. Frances Cassirer, Kathleen A. Potter, John VanderSchalie, Allison Fischer, Donald P. Knowles, David R. Herndon, Fred R. Rurangirwa, Glen C Weiser, and Subramaniam Srikumaran. 2008. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection with population-limiting respiratory disease in free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46, no. 2 (February): 423-430.

Besser, Thomas E., E. Frances Cassirer, Kathleen A. Potter, Kevin Lahmers, J. Lindsay Oaks, Sudarvili Shanthalingam, Subramaniam Srikumaran, and William J. Foreyt. 2014. Epizootic pneumonia of bighorn sheep following experimental exposure to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. PLoS ONE 9, no. 10 (October): 1-9.

Besser, Thomas, Catherine Yamada, E. Frances Cassirer, Donald Knowles, J. Lindsay Oaks, Shannon Swist, Caroline Herndon, Srikumaran Subramaniam. 2010. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae as a primary agent of epidemic respiratory disease in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) commingled with domestic sheep (Ovis aries). In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 17th Biennial Symposium, Hood River, OR. June 7-11.

Besser, Thomas E., E. Frances Cassirer, Catherine Yamada, Kathleen A. Potter, Caroline Herndon, William J. Foreyt, Donald P. Knowles, and Subramaniam Srikumaran. 2012. Survival of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) commingled with domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in the absence of mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48, no. 1 (January): 168-172.

Besser, Thomas E., Margaret A. Highland, Katherine Baker, E. Frances Cassirer, Neil J. Anderson, Jennifer M. Ramsey, Kristin Mansfield, Darren L. Bruning, Peregrine Wolff, Joshua B. Smith, and Jonathan A. Jenks. 2012. Causes of pneumonia epizootics among bighorn sheep, Western United States, 2008-2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, no. 3 (March): 406-414.

Bleich, Vernon C., and Richard A. Weaver. 2007. Status of mountain sheep in California: Comparisons between 1957 and 2007. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 49th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. April 3-6.

Bleich, Vernon C., John D. Wehausen, Karen R. Jones, and Richard A. Weaver. 1990. Status of bighorn sheep in California, 1989 and translocations from 1971 through 1989. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 34th Annual Meeting, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. April 4-6.

Boccadori, Vanna. 2013. Wildlife Biologist (Butte Area), Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. February 23.

Brigham, William R., Eric M. Rominger, and Alejandro Espinosa T. 2007. Desert bighorn sheep management: Reflecting on the past and hoping for the future. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 49th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. April 3-6.

Buchanan, Dave. 2008. Bad news for bighorns – Small bighorn sheep herd near Gunnison suffers major losses. The Daily Sentinel. January 6.

Bulgin, Marie S., and Cat Urbigkit. 2011. A review of bighorn sheep articles used for the Payette DSIES. http://www.ndow.org/learn/com/mtg/2011/092311_support/7B_Part3.pdf (accessed December 24, 2011).

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1979. Management Framework Plan: Dillon Summary, Montana. Butte, MT. [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1982. Sonoma-Gerlach Management Framework Plan. Reno, NV. http://www. blm.gov/nv/st/en/fo/wfo/blm_information/rmp/documents.html (accessed May 29, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1984. Proposed John Day Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement. Burns, OR. http://books.google.com/books?id= 8cXuAAAAM AAJ (accessed June 6, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1989. Rangewide Plan For Managing Habitat of Desert Bighorn Sheep. Washington, D.C. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6zwAAAAMAAJ&pg
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Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1995. Appendix C: [1992] Grazing Guidelines for Management of Domestic Sheep in Bighorn Sheep Habitats. In Mountain Sheep Ecosystem Management Strategy in the 11 Western States and Alaska. N.p. ftp://ftp.blm.gov/pub/ blmlibrary/BLMpublications/StrategicPlans/Wildlife/ MountainSheepEcosystem.pdf (accessed May 11, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1995. Mountain Sheep Ecosystem Management Strategy in the 11 Western States and Alaska. N.p. ftp://ftp.blm.gov/pub/blmlibrary/BLM publications/StrategicPlans/Wildlife/ MountainSheepEcosystem.pdf (accessed May 11, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1999. Attachment 7: 1998 Revised Guidelines for Domestic Sheep and Goat Management in Native Wild Sheep Habitats. In Challis Resource Management Area: Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan. Salmon, ID. http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/id/plans/challis_rmp.Par.8185.File.dat/ entiredoc_508.pdf (accessed May 12, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2005. Vernal Field Office: Draft Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, January 2005. http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/ medialib/blm/ut/vernal_fo/planning/draft_eis/glossary.Par.42735.File.dat/Glossary.pdf (accessed March 23, 2013).

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2007. Proposed Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement: Surprise Field Office, Volumes I and II – May 2007. Cedarville, CA. http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/surprise/propRMP-FEIS.html (accessed May 15, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2007. Tuledad Allotment 2007 Annual Operating Plan. Cedarville, CA. [govt. doc.]

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2011. Animal Unit Month (AUM). http://www.blm.gov/ nv/st/en/prog/grazing/animal_unit_months.html (accessed March 23, 2011).

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2012. Tobin Range Wilderness Study Area. N.p. http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/nv/field_offices/winnemucca_field_office/
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Byron, Eve. 2008. Die-off decimates bighorn sheep herd. Helena Independent Record. April 11. http://www.wildsheepfoundation.org/Page.php/News/36/1207026000-1209528000 (accessed December 25, 2011).

Canepa, Sarah. 2012. Rural Landscape Scientist, Missoula County Rural Initiative. Interview by author. Conducted by phone. August 16.

Cahn, Maya L., Mary M. Conner, Oswald J. Schmitz, Thomas R. Stephenson, John D. Wehausen, and Heather E. Johnson. 2011. Disease, population viability, and recovery of endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Management 75, no. 8 (November): 1753-1766.

Caine Veterinary Teaching Center (CVTC). 2012. Marie S. Bulgin, DVA, MBA. University of Idaho. http://www.cainecenter.uidaho.edu/bulgin.htm (accessed July 17, 2012).

California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG). 2006. The Efficacy of Measures to Minimize Contact Between Domestic Sheep and Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Mono County, California. http://www.nrm.dfg.ca.gov/ FileHandler. ashx?DocumentID=27707&inline=true (accessed May 23, 2012). [govt. doc.]

California Department of Fish and Game. 2009. A Process for Identifying and Managing Risk of Contact Between Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep, by Amy Baumer, Nancy East, Joe Echinique, Marcy Haworth, Marianne F. Leinassar, Chris Papouchis, Tom Stephenson, Diane Weaver, and Genny Wilson. N.p. http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov /FileHandler.ashx?DocumentVersionID=50150 (accessed May 22, 2012). [govt. doc.]

California Department of Fish and Game. 2010. Application of the Document Entitled A Process for Identifying and Managing Risk of Contact between Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep, by Brian Croft, Amy Fesnock, Marcy Haworth, Rachel Mazur, Leeann Murphy, Steven Nelson, Richard Perloff, and Tom Stephenson. http://www.nrm.dfg. ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=27673&inline=true (accessed May 23, 2012). [govt. doc.]

California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG). 2011. Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Facts. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/snbs/SheepFacts.html (accessed December 30, 2011).

Cassaigne G., Ivonne, Rodrigo A. Medellín, and José A. Guasco O. 2010. Mortality during epizootics in bighorn sheep: Effects of initial population size and cause. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46, no. 3 (July): 763-771.

Cassirer, E. Frances, Lloyd E. Oldenburg, Victor L. Coggins, Pat Fowler, Karen Rudolph, David L. Hunter, and William J. Foreyt. 1996. Overview and preliminary analysis of a bighorn sheep dieoff, Hells Canyon, 1995-96. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 10th Biennial Symposium, Silverthorne, CO, April 29-May 3.

Cassirer, E. Frances, and A.R.E. Sinclair. 2007. Dynamics of pneumonia in a bighorn sheep metapopulation. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, no. 4 (June): 1080-1088.

Chaney, Rob. 2010. FWP to let pneumonia take course with Rock Creek bighorn sheep. Missoulian. February 25. http://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/article_1906780a -21c5-11df-98b4-001cc4c002e0.html?mode=story (accessed January 7, 2012).

Clifford, Deana L., Brant A. Schumaker, Thomas R. Stephenson, Vernon C. Bleich, Maya L. Cahn, Ben J. Gonzales, Walter M. Boyce, and Jonna A.K. Mazet. 2009. Assessing disease risk at the wildlife-livestock interface: A study of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Biological Conservation 142, no. 11 (November): 2559-2568.

Cockle, Richard. 2008. The Northwest: Bighorn die-off – 2007 pneumonia outbreak killed 80 percent of Hells Canyon lambs. The Oregonian. January 6.

Coggins, Victor L., E. Frances Cassirer, Pat Matthews, and Mike Hansen. 2000. Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep transplants in Hells Canyon. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 12th Biennial Symposium, Whitehorse, YK. May 31-June 4.

Coggins, Victor L. 2010. Historic bighorn sheep disease outbreaks in western North America and mountain sheep extirpation from Oregon. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 17th Biennial Symposium, Hood River, OR. June 7-11.

Cole, Ken. 2011. Idaho Public Television Discusses the Bighorn Sheep Issue. The Wildlife News. http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2011/10/21/idaho-public-television-discusses-the-bighorn-sheep-issue/ (accessed October 21, 2011)

Cole, Ken. 2012. A Good Week for Bighorn Sheep in Idaho. Simpson Changes his Tune. (Updated). The Wildlife News. http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2012/06/15/a-good-week-for-bighorn-sheep-in-idaho-simpson-changes-his-tune/ (accessed June 18, 2012).

Cole, Ken. 2012. Cronyism: Mike Simpson renews Bighorn Sheep Disease rider in 2013 Interior Appropriations Bill. http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2012/06/21/cronyism-mike-simpson-renews-bighorn-sheep-disease-rider-in-2013-interior-appropriations-bill/ (accessed June 21, 2012).

Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW). 2009. Colorado Bighorn Sheep Management Plan: 2009-2019. Edited by J.L. George, R. Kahn, M.W. Miller, and B. Watkins. Denver. http:// wildlife.state.co.us/SiteCollectionDocuments/DOW/WildlifeSpecies/Mammals/Colorado BighornSheepManagementPlan2009-2019.pdf (accessed October 15, 2011). [govt. doc.]

Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW). 2012. Colorado Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep 2012 Posthunt Population Estimates – Draft 12/15/2012. http://wildlife.state.co.us/Site CollectionDocuments/DOW/Hunting/BigGame/Statistics/RockyMountainBighornSheep/2012
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Crowser, Vivaca. 2011. News: Bighorn Lambs Still Feeling Effects of 2009-2010 Pneumonia Outbreak. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. ftp://www.co.missoula.mt.us/ ruralftp/Newsletter/LinksFrom-eNewsletters/2011-7_BighornLambs2010Pneumonia Outbreak.pdf (accessed May 13, 2012).

Cummings, Patrick J., and Craig Stevenson. 1995. Status of desert bighorn sheep in Nevada – 1994. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 39th Annual Meeting, Alpine, TX. April 5-7.

Cummings, Patrick J., and Craig Stevenson. 1996. Status of desert bighorn sheep in Nevada – 1995. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 40th Annual Meeting, Holtville, CA. April 10-12.

Cummings, Patrick J., and Craig Stevenson. 1998. Status of desert bighorn sheep in Nevada – 1997. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 42nd Annual Meeting, Las Cruces, NM. April 9-10.

Dassanayake, Rohana P., Sudarvili Shanthalingam, Caroline N. Herndon, Renuka Subramaniam, Paulraj K. Lawrence, Jegarubee Bavananthasivam, E. Frances Cassirer, Gary J. Haldorson, William J. Foreyt, Fred R. Rurangirwa, Donald P. Knowles, Thomas E. Besser, Subramaniam Srikumaran. 2010. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can predispose bighorn sheep to fatal Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia. Veterinary Microbiology 145, no. 3-4 (October): 354-359.

DeForge, James R., David A. Jessup, Charles W. Jenner, and Joan E. Scott. 1982. Disease investigations into high lamb mortality of desert bighorn in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 26th Annual Meeting, Borrego Springs, CA. April 7-9.

DeForge, James R., Stacey D. Ostermann, Charles W. Willmott, Kevin Barry Brennan, and Steven G. Torres. 1997. The ecology of Peninsular bighorn sheep in the San Jacinto Mountains, California. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 41st Annual Meeting, Grand Junction, CO. April 9-11.

DeLong, Jeff. 2011. Disease killing off Nevada bighorn sheep. September 10. Reno Gazette-Journal. http://www.rgj.com/article/20110910/NEWS/109100308/Disease-killing-off-Nevada-bighorn-sheep?odyssey=mod|newswell|text|Local%20News|s (accessed September 13, 2011).

Department of the Interior (DOI). 2008. 50 CFR Part 17: Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Designation of critical habitat for the Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) and taxonomic revision. Federal Register 173, no. 151 (August): 45534-45604.

Desert Bighorn Council Technical Staff. 1990. Guidelines for the management of domestic sheep in the vicinity of desert bighorn habitat. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 34th Annual Meeting, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. April 4-6.

Dixon, David M., Karen M. Rudolph, Mark L. Kinsel, Lisa M. Cowan, David L. Hunter, and Alton C.S. Ward. 2002. Viability of airborne Pasteurella spp. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 13th Biennial Symposium, Rapid City, SD. April 23-27.

Dobel, Mike. 2012. Regional Supervising Biologist (Western Region), Nevada Department of Wildlife. Interview by author. Conducted by phone. October 3.

Dobel, Mike. 2012. Regional Supervising Biologist (Western Region), Nevada Department of Wildlife. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. November 26.

Dunbar, M.R., A.C.S. Ward, and G. Power. Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica from tonsillar biopsies of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. 1990. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26, no. 2 (April): 210-213.

Dubay, Shelli, Helen Schwantje, Jim Devos, and Ted McKinney. 2002. Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) diseases: A brief literature review and risk assessment for translocation. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 13th Biennial Symposium, Rapid City, SD. April 23-27.

Edwards, Victoria L., Jennifer Ramsey, Greg Jourdannais, Ray Vinkey, Michael Thompson, Neil Anderson, Tom Carlsen, and Chris Anderson. 2010. Situational agency response to four bighorn sheep die-offs in western Montana. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 17th Biennial Symposium, Hood River, OR. June 7-11.

Edwards, Vickie. 2012. Wildlife Biologist (Missoula Area), Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Interview by author. Conducted by phone. August 7.

Epps, Clinton W., Vernon C. Bleich, John Wehausen, and Steven G. Torres. 2003. Status of bighorn sheep in California. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 47th Annual Meeting, St. George, UT. April 8-11.

Erickson, Glenn L. 1988. Permit auction: The good, the bad, and the ugly. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 6th Biennial Symposium, Banff, AB. April 11-15.

Erickson, Glenn L. (moderator and panel member), Vic Coggins, and Kurt Alt (panel members). 2000. Designing a protocol: What should you do if you are faced with a bighorn sheep die-off? Working session in proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 12th Biennial Symposium, Whitehorse, YK. May 31-June 4.

Ertz, Brian. 2012. Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2012 Protects Bighorn Sheep Throughout the West. The Wildlife News. http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2012/01/10/ consolidated-appropriations-act-of-2012-protects-bighorn-sheep-throughout-the-west/ (accessed January 10, 2012).

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Flores, Jr., Elias. 2012. Wildlife Biologist (Surprise District), Bureau of Land Management. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. June 28.

Foreyt, William J., and D.A. Jessup. 1982. Fatal pneumonia of bighorn sheep following association with domestic sheep. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18, no. 2 (April): 163-168.

Foreyt, William J., Kurt P. Snipes, and Rick W. Kasten. 1994. Fatal pneumonia following inoculation of healthy bighorn sheep with Pasteurella haemolytica from healthy domestic sheep. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30, no. 2 (April): 137-145.

Foster, Craig. 2012. District Wildlife Biologist (Lakeview Field Office), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. June 25.

French, Brett. 2004. The sheep that will not die: Clinging to the myth of Audubon’s bighorn. Montana Outdoors, November-December. http://fwp.mt.gov/mtoutdoors/HTML/articles/ 2004/audubonbighorn.htm (accessed June 5, 2012).

French, Brett. 2011. Billings man shoots trophy bighorn in Breaks: Tags for rams difficult to draw. Billings Gazette. November 17. http://missoulian.com/lifestyles/recreation/ billings-man-shoots-trophy-bighorn-in-breaks-tags-for-rams/article_9e86ccc6-1130-11e1-aca4-001cc4c03286.html (accessed January 1, 2012).

Frisina, Michael R. 2012. Adjunct Professor of Range Sciences, Montana State University. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. July 23.

George, Janet L., Michael W. Miller, Gary C. White, and Jack Vayhinger. 1996. Comparison of mark-resight population size estimators for bighorn sheep in alpine and timbered habitats. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 10th Annual Symposium, Silverthorne, CO. April 29-May 3.

George, Janet L., Daniel J. Martin, Paul M. Lukacs, and Michael W. Miller. 2008. Epidemic Pasteurellosis in a bighorn sheep population coinciding with the appearance of a domestic sheep. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44, no. 2 (April): 388-403.

George, Janet L. 2012. Senior Terrestrial Biologist (Northeast Region), Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. July 16.

Gevock, Nick. 2010. Infection rate high among bighorns: Biologists find numerous sick sheep in upper Rock Creek. The Montana Standard, Butte. February 5.

Gibson, Steve. 2012. Rangeland Program Manager (Ochoco National Forest), U.S. Forest Service. Interview by author. Conducted by e-mail. August 15.

Goodson, N. J. 1982. Effects of domestic sheep grazing on bighorn sheep populations: A review. In Proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 3rd Biennial Symposium, Fort Collins, CO. March 17-19.

Grand Slam Club/Ovis. 2012. The Grand Slam Club/Ovis Mission. http://www.wildsheep.org /about/index.htm (accessed July 13, 2012).

Harris, Lisa K., and William W. Shaw. 1993. Conserving mountain sheep habitat near an urban environment. In transactions of Desert Bighorn Council’s 37th Annual Meeting, Mesquite, NV. April 7-8.

Heimer, Wayne E. 2000. The Foundation for North American Wild Sheep – A sheep biologist’s view from the inside. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 12th Biennial Symposium, Whitehorse, YK. May 31-June 4.

Heimer, Wayne. 2002. Bighorn pneumonia die-offs: An outsider’s synoptic history, synthesis, and suggestions. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 13th Biennial Symposium, Rapid City, SD. April 23-27.

Hells Canyon Bighorn Sheep Restoration Committee (HCBSRC). 2010. Hells Canyon Initiative: Restoration of bighorn sheep to Hells Canyon, Annual Report 2009-2010. N.p. https://research.idfg.idaho.gov/wildlife/Wildlife%20Technical%20Reports/Hells%20 Canyon%20Bighorn%20Sheep%202010%20Annual%20report.pdf (accessed January 2, 2012). [govt. doc.]

Herndon, Caroline N., Sudarvili Shanthalingam, Donald P. Knowles, Douglas R. Call, and Subramaniam Srikumaran. 2011. Comparison of passively transferred antibodies in bighorn and domestic lambs reveals one factor in differential susceptibility of these species to Mannheimia haemolytica-induced pneumonia. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 7 (July): 1133-1138.

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Hirai, Kimberly. 2011. Big money bill could restrict bighorn management. High Country News. November 10. http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/big-money-bill-could-restrict-bighorn-management (accessed November 17, 2011).

Hoar, Kerrie L., David E. Worley, and Keith E. Aune. 1996. Parasite loads and their relationship to herd health in the Highlands bighorn sheep herd in southwestern Montana. In proceedings of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council’s 10th Biennial Symposium, Silverthorne, CO. April 29-May 3.

Hoffman, Nathaniel. 2007. Sheep vs. sheep: A legal battle over Hells Canyon grazing could determine the future of wild sheep and sheep ranching across the West. High Country News. October 1. http://www.hcn.org/issues/355/17251 (accessed March 4, 2009).

Hurley, Kevin (moderator), Jon Jorgenson, Helen Schwantje, Craig Foster, Herb Meyer, Amy Fisher, Dave Hacker, Harley Metz, Jim Karpowitz, Melanie Woolever, Dick Weaver, Tim Schommer, Cal McCluskey, Duncan Gilchrist, Jim Bailey, Bonnie Pritchard, Dave Byington, Dave Smith, Bill Foreyt, and Dave Hunter (discussion members). 1999. Open discussion – Are we effectively reducing interaction between domestic and wild sheep? Discussion in proceedings of 2nd North American Wild Sheep Conference, Reno, NV. April 6-9.

Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG). 2010. Idaho Bighorn Sheep Management Plan: 2010. Boise. http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/public/wildlife/planBighorn.pdf (accessed October 15, 2011). [govt. doc.]

Idaho Public Television (IPT). 2011. Dialogue: “Bighorn Sheep.” IPT Website. Windows Media audio/video file. http://idahoptv.org/dialogue/diaShowPage.cfm?versionID= 234317 (accessed October 21, 2011).

Idaho Public Television (IPT). 2011. Dialogue: “Bighorn Sheep, Continued.” IPT Website. Windows Media audio/video file. http://idahoptv.org/dialogue/diaShowPage.cfm?versionID =234317 (accessed October 21, 2011).

Idaho Wild Sheep Foundation (ID WSF). 2012. Idaho Wild Sheep Foundation Open Letter: The Continued Decline in Idaho’s Bighorn Sheep Populations. http://www.idahowildsheep. org/big_horn_sheep_decline.htm (accessed August 6, 2012).

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